在日韓国・朝鮮人少年の非行の理解のための覚え書 (<特集>現代社会と犯罪社会学 : 批判・模索・展望)

抄録

Fujita (1982) argues that delinquencies committed by Japanese Koreans begin in their early adolescence and that environmental factors characterizing Korean sub-society in Japan are responsible for the delinquencies. (Fujita mentions such "environmental factors" as low socioeconomic status of Korean families.) But can we explain delinquencies of Japanes (Koreans only in terms of such "environmental factors"? This paper examines this causal issue on the basis of case studies. A close examination of the social organization of Korean people ir Japan as a "minority group" reveals that it consists of numerous subgroups which are heterogeneous with regard to such characteristics as nationality, socioeconomic status, and generation. Our case studies of Korean delinquents indicate that their self-identity as Koreans varies according to the types of subgroups to which they belong. Levine's (1977) "Typology of Stranger Relationship" gives us a clue to explore the social roles of the Korean adolescents in Japan and their bearings on their delinquencies. The two axes of his typology are "Stranger's Interest in Host Community" and "Host's Response to Strangers". Although Levine's typology is useful in classifying Korean people's "interest in host community", it dose not include a category for the typical response of Japanese to Korean ; i. e., "negative stereotyping" (Wagatsuma, 1981). "Negative stereotyping" is crucial in shaping Korean adolescents' selfidentity as marginal men. It is also crucial in determining scioeconomic status and social marginality of Koreans in Japan. The first conclusion of this paper is that construction of a more elaborate typology about types of marginality of Koreans is crucial in understanding causal mechanism underlying delinquencies of Japanese Koreans. Another conclusion of this paper is that we have to employ a phenomenological approach in understanding and analyzing individual cases. The approach will enable us to explore effects of the strain factors which have been said to be characteristic of Korean delinquents in Japan. If we can synthesize the typological studies and case studies, we will be able to elaborate a theory about deviant behaviors of minority peoples in general.