抄録
The purposes of this study were to examine the effects of physical fitness and starting form on sprint starts in school children and to clarify causes of differences in sprinting time between standing start and crouching start from the point of view of their physical fitness. From the results of this study we tried to obtain the data to improve our teaching procedures.
The subjects were 17 boys and 26 girls in the fifth grade of the elementary school. They participated in the experiments which consisted of measuring physical fitness and filming the starting form. In the filming, two kinds of sprint were done; sprint from standing start defined as Trial S and sprint from crouching start defined as Trial C. Dynamic variables such as displacement, time, velocity and angle were obtained fromthe video analysis.
The results were as follows:
1) 20m-sprint time in the Trial S was significantly faster than 20m-sprint time in the Trial C for both boys and girls.
2) In both Trials, the first 5m-sprint time had the greatest effect on the 20m-sprint time for both boys and girls.
3) In the Trial S, the first 5m-sprint time correlated with flexibility and total fitness in boys, and with explosive power and total fitness in girls.
4) In the Trial C, significant correlations were found between the first 5m-sprint time and muscluar strength, explosive power, agility and total fitness for both boys and girls.
5) In both Trials, the first 5m-sprint time was related to their posture at set position for both boys and girls.
6) The characteristic of children suitable for Trial C was to have average or above-average physical fitness in the respective elements.
The results suggest that it is effective to teach sprinting from the standing start to children having inferior physical fitness, and from the crouching start to childrenhaving superior physical fitness.
