A Study of the Course of Physical Training in the Syllabus (1907 edition) of the Junior High School attached to Tokyo Higher Normal School
1999 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 143-158
Details
1999 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 143-158
The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of the Course of Physical Training in the Syllabus of the Junior High School attached to Tokyo Higher Normal School (JHSATHNS) issued in 1907. Normal gymnastics (NG, consisting of the Swedish System of gymnastics ‹SG›, normal gymnastics, and games), and military gymnastics (MG, consisting of military drill ‹MD› and apparatus gymnastics ‹AG›) of the 1907 Syllabus were compared with the 1904 Report by the Committee on Games and Gymnastics and the results may be summarized as follows:
1) According to the results of the investigation at the Japanese National Diet Library, there was only one syllabus for Junior High Schools compared with 195 for Elementary Schools in Japan.
2) The purpose of the 1907 edition was similar to that of the 1904 Report, and the contents and methods of NG also followed the conclusion of the 1904 Report. Although SG had been introduced in Japan, the purpose of SG was omitted and the description of SG was simple in the 1907 edition. It was time to change the system of gymnastics from NG to SG in Japan. SG might have been tried at JHSATHNS at that time.
3) MD of the 1907 edition were based on the Manual on Infantry Drill issued in 1898 and AG were based on the Manual of Military Gymnastics issued in 1903. But light calisthenics were omitted from MG in the 1907 edition. It was also the conclusion of the 1904 Report.
4) NG and MG in the 1907 edition were influenced by the 1904 Report.
