抄録
This study attempts to clarify the historical meaning of 'stalking' which is one of the method of hunting, in consideration of the problem of 'manliness' in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Stalking was a kind of shooting for getting deer or other big games adopted by the metropolitans, especially High-landers in Scotland, and colonial hunters in India, Africa and so on. J.M.MacKenzie said "Hunting required all the most virile attributes of the imperial male." in the era. But he characterized the many variety of hunting as all-inclusive 'hunting ethos'. Though "the most virile attributes of the imperial male" from 'the hunting ethos' which he pointed out included the elements of the 'manliness' which athleticism didn't have, he didn't relate them with athleticism. The main featute of the stalking was given below. 1)The hunter attempted by stealth to approach to a range at which a shot had a good chance of producing an instantaneous kill. 2)Horsemanship was not so important. 3)Basically the hunter stalks the game by himself, (therefore sociability wasn't so important). 4)A stalker needed much carefulness or caution for fear of being suspected by his game. 5)Some kinds of special knowledge like natural history, meteorology and ballistics, were essential to it. These points were very different from fox hunting and the pig sticking which was admired by Baden-Powell. Though he admired both stalking andpig sticking, stalking seems to be very much concerned with the ability of 'scouting' which Baden-Powell prompted. 'Stalky' deriverd from 'good at stalking', a slang of students in the era, meant clever and cunning. It was a subject of R.Kipling's school story Stalky and Co. (1899). The most important point of the ethos of 'stalky' was its usefulness for the colonial campaigns, which was to criticize the ethos of athletisism. So 'stalky' had the connection with 'stalking' in the meaning of utility for the colonial campaigns. What has been related up to the above should be put in the historical context of the era from Boar War to World War I. The ethos of 'stalking' was pregnant with the 'manliness' in the twentieth century which was different from the ideal of 'gentleman amateur' or general education.
