On the classification of turnips in Japan with regard to the types of epidermal layers of the seed

Abstract

1. We have collected many kinds of cultivated turnips in Japan and United States of America and studied on them morphologically and ecologically, and as to their seeds, anatomically.
2. On the anatomical observation of seeds, there are A type which is charaterized by distinct feature of cells, swelling when they absorbe water, and B type in which the feature of epidermal layer is seen only membranous, posessing indistinct feature.
And in either A type or B type there is Ac type or Bc type in which pigment layers can be observed distinctly. (Fig. 1)
3. We classified the turnip varieties cultivated in Japan as the following, from the view point of the type of the epidermal layer in seeds taking regard to other characters.
Brassica Rapa L. in Japan
A The Western European Group
B The Intermediate Group
C The Japanese Group (Afghanian Type)