Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Toshima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Faculty of Policy Studies, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan

Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan