Abstract
In osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, non-operative treatment should initially be performed. Surgical treatment is considered when conservative therapies are not effective. There are various methods of its operative treatment, including arthroscopy, osteotomy, and knee arthroplasty. The surgical choice of treatment is based on age, XP findings, activity, and other factors. Arthroscopic debridement is a minimally invasive surgery, but the effect is controversial. Carefully selected patients can be considered for arthroscopy. High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is performed for unilateral compartmental OA. Although HTO can preserve the knee joint, it requires a long period of rehabilitation. In recent years, however, an early rehabilitation program was established by open wedge osteotomy using TomoFix. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most successful interventions for end-stage OA of the knee. However, it requires careful perioperative management because of a high risk of complications such as infection and venous thromboembolism. Each surgery has both advantages and disadvantages, and there are no curative therapies for OA of the knee. It is essential to determine the limitations of surgical treatments. Besides, informed consent before the surgery is very important.
