都市近郊農村における女子初等後教育の展開 : 大阪府郡部の高等小学校付設裁縫専修科に着目して

抄録

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the roles of rural post-elementary education for girls during the Japanese modern period. At the time, post-elementary educational institutions were diversified and ranked hierarchically. We compared two schools-Ibaraki and Katano- to show the differences in the processes of raising the hierarchal status of the schools. They were established in 1898 as the courses of sewing for girls called "saihousensyuuka," and attached by higher elementary schools in the suburban villages of Osaka. Ibaraki's status, which had been attached by Youzei higher elementary school in Ibaraki Village, changed in stages and eventually raised to become a girls' high school status, while Katano's status, which had been attached by Kounan higher elementary school in Katano Village, was not raised and eventually became a normal youth school named Katano Girls' Sewing School. The conclusions about rural girls' education are as follows: First, changes in the student hierarchy occurred. At Ibaraki, most of the students were rich farmer's daughters in Mishima District, and there was an increase in new middle class students from large cities during the Showa era. At Katano, almost all the students were farmer's daughters around Katano Village, and they were not rich. Second, the importance of sewing education changed. At Ibaraki, the number of sewing hours decreased, and the number of hours spent on other subjects increased. Katano, however, still placed a high value on sewing after World War II. Third, the social norms for women changed. At Ibaraki, the students were allowed to express more modern and varying behaviors. At Katano, the students were expected to be simple farmer's wives. The introduction of post-elementary education for girls in rural society demonstrated the hierarchical structure of the society during the Japanese modern period.