戦時・戦後日本における食糧統制と共同経営

戦後日本農業における社会主義への眼差し

抄録

This paper introduces two policies that have a strong connection with socialist agriculture in Japanese agriculture since the 1940s: food supply systems and agricultural communalization (cooperation). The food supply system is a controlled collection system for agricultural products that was introduced to cope with food shortages during the war and occupation of Japan. The system caused the abandonment of farming due to the reversibility of its burden and the deterrent nature of production in inferior arable land, but the farmland reform implemented at the same time played a complementary role in the policy and the crisis was avoided. Also, when the price of collected rice exceeded the market price during the period of high economic growth, it became agriculturally protective. Agricultural communalization became popular in post-war reclamation projects mainly by people returning from mainland China after the war. The Shintone Reclamation Agricultural Cooperative introduced in this article attracted attention due to the success of joint management by paddy dairy farming, but the obsession with self-feeding feed became the key to expansion of management, and the joint management was dismantled during the generational change. The conclusion of this paper is that socialist agriculture　is not always seized, and it may be seized or protected depending on the economic situation at the time.