Auto-Oxidation Products of Astaxanthin

Abstract

The auto-oxidation products of astaxanthin were investigated. Astaxanthin was allowed to react with atmospheric oxygen at 55°C in the dark for 35 days. A series of oxidative cleavage products, 7-apoastaxanthinal (1), 9-apoastaxanthinone (2), 11-apoastaxanthinal (3), 13-apoastaxanthinone (4), 15-apoastaxanthinal (5), 14′-apoastaxanthinal (6), 12′-apoastaxanthinal (7), 10′-apoastaxanthinal (8), and 8′-apoastaxanthinal (9), were identified. Among them, 3 and 6 were isolated and characterized for the first time. Cleavage of the double bond in astaxanthin was discussed on the basis of the calculation of the stable molecular energy.