近代ドイツにおける新体操の運動形成に関する研究―ドイツ体操連盟（Deutscher Gymnastik-Bund）の機関誌『ジムナスティック（GYMNASTIK）』（1926-1933）を手がかりに―

抄録

This study aimed to clarify specific coaching practices that are implemented in relation to the formulation of New Gymnastics moves, based on hints obtained from “Gymnastik,” a journal issued by Deutscher Gymnastik-Bund. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows.

1. A new gymnastic movement in the early 20th century culminated in the formulation of New Gymnastics in the 1920s. The concept of New Gymnastics was based on a multilateral perspective of motion as the value of body motions that display spirituality and intelligence, and on an emphasis on the importance of the law of motion governing the human body. As New Gymnastics began to spread parties involved in promoting it came together under a newly established framework of the Deutscher Gymnastik-Bund in 1925.

2. Deutscher Gymnastik-Bund not only held lectures and practical workshops aimed at disseminating and promoting New Gymnastics, but also issued a journal titled “Gymnastik.” “Gymnastik” aimed to increase knowledge of physical education through New Gymnastics.

3. Hints derived from original articles written by individuals who were actively involved in the activities of Deutscher Gymnastik-Bund were used to examine the formulation of New Gymnastics moves. As a result, it was found that New Gymnastics moves could be largely divided into those based on three-dimensional motions utilizing the high-low, front-back, and left-right dimensions of space, and those that combine motion with rhythm and melody.

4. This study examined coaching practices used by Gunther and Medau in formulating move that combine motion with rhythm and melody. Günther placed primary importance on rhythm and melody and drew forth motions from existing musical notes and scores, practices in conducting music, and primitive instruments, Medau primarily focused on motions involved in utilizing balls and repeated motions to create rhythm and melody.