大韓帝国における講道館柔道の普及活動に関する研究―講道館柔道と学校体育の関わりに着目して―

抄録

The purpose of this study was to clarify the diffusion of Kodokan Judo in the Korean Empire, especially its relation to school physical education. The process of foundation and diffusion of Kodokan Judo in Korean Empire can be divided into 3 periods, in relation to the Japanese policy of colonialism during the first half of the twentieth century. Namely, during the military rule period (1910∼1919), private Judo gyms were stablished. During the cultural rule period (1920∼1926), even though there were various difficulties, the movement to establish Kodokan Judo was enlarged and developed with Korean Budokan and Kodokan. At the end of Japan Empire period (1927∼1938), the private gyms were consolidated under the leadership of Japan, into Korean Association of Physical Education. Through the teaching of judo, national pride and an independent spirit were fostered in the people.

During the early period of Japanese rule in Korea (the military rule period), all public schools’ physical education program changed to a military type of program, which included judo, kendo, and gymnastics etc. This change followed what was being done in Japan at this time. During the cultural rule period, in all Junior High Schools, the teaching of gymnastics was abolished and Judo was a mandatory subject in the curriculum. Moreover, at this time, many schools established Judo clubs and practice halls, so that the sport was greatly developed during this time.

The diffusion of Judo escalated at the end of Japan Empire period when the so-called military training was enforced in school physical education; so the practice of Judo was widespread in many schools in the country. In this way, the diffusion of Judo in Korean Empire can be seen occurring during three distinct periods.