原著論文
ドイツ体操連合（Deutscher Gymnastik-Bund e.V.）所属の体操学校における教育実践に関する研究―体操学校を通した体操の普及活動の実態に着目して―
2013 年 19 巻 1 号 p. 113-132
詳細
2013 年 19 巻 1 号 p. 113-132
The purpose of this study was to develop a picture of the promotion of gymnastics through educational practices at gymnastics schools belonging to Deutscher Gymnastik-Bund e.V. The results can be summarized and organized as follows:
1. Deutscher Gymnastik-Bund e.V. developed the Outline for Classes for the General Public and Specialized Occupational Training (Richtlinien für Laienunterricht und Berufsausbildung) in 1927. The purpose of this was to create awareness among the public at large of the quality of Deutscher Gymnastik-Bund’s gymnastics schools and instructors, as the name “gymnastics” was being misused for commercial gain at that time in Germany.
2. In 1928, there were 923 gymnastics schools belonging to Deutscher Gymnastik-Bund e.V., and approximately 30% of those were schools of the Mensendieck system. Furthermore, there were 177 schools of Deutscher Gymnastik-Bund in the capital Berlin, showing that gymnastics was extremely popular within Germany at that time. School introduction articles for 16 typical gymnastics schools belonging to Deutscher Gymnastik-Bund clearly indicate that classes included anatomy and physiology, music, dance, and choreography.
3. The movement consciousness through gymnastics taught in the three-class gymnastics course for women sponsored by Deutscher Gymnastik-Bund included exercise based on anatomical and physiological knowledge to encourage awareness of skeletal and muscle function; shaking exercise with simple movements such as walking, running, and jumping; exercise focused on multifaceted aspects of movement such as space and tempo; exercise for relaxation of tension with breathing; and exercise in step with the rhythm of music. At the core of these exercises was movement consciousness in which one is aware of the inside of one’s own body through gymnastics.
4. Deutscher Gymnastik-Bund e.V. conducted surveys of its instructors on May 31, 1927 and February 1, 1930. The results indicated that the number of people who took gymnastics classes on May 31, 1927 was about 60,000 and three years later on February 1, 1930 it was 91,022 people. The fact that so many people were taking classes under Deutscher Gymnastik-Bund’s gymnastics instructors clearly showed that the educational practices in the gymnastics schools belonging to Deutscher Gymnastik-Bund e.V. had a major impact on the popularization and promotion of gymnastics.
