日本のバスケットボール競技におけるアサイン・マンツーマンディフェンスの採用過程に関する研究（1920年代後半–1930年代前半）

抄録

This study intends to clarify the chronology of the adoption of the Assignment Man-to-Man Defense over the focus on Man-to-Man Defense in the late 1920’s through the adoption of the Five-man Two-line Defense in the first half of the 1930’s.

Historical sources used in this study are comprised of basketball instruction manuals and magazines, as well as sports magazines that contain articles about basketball, which were issued in Japan from the late 1920’s to the first half of the 1930’s.

The results of this study can be summarized as follows.

As a defense tactic, Five-man Two-line Defense Zone Defense was adopted in Japan in the late 1920’s. At the time, guards had limited participation in offense, so in opposition to Five-man Two-line Defense Zone Defense, offense was performed by three people, the two forwards and the single center. Then, from around the end of the 1920’s, one guard usually participated in offense, and so offense participation rose to four people. Disadvantages began to occur such as, “The forward is likely to be attacked by the forward of the opposing team” and “Defense is difficult when the offensive player is entering and exiting the defense area,” which lead to the guards becoming involved in offense.

Therefore, teams began to appear from around 1931 that adopted the Assignment Man-to-Man Defense, which made it possible to overcome the drawbacks of Five-man Two-line Defense Zone Defense.