Transition Metal-catalyzed Fixation of Carbon Dioxide via Carbon–carbon Bond Formation

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a readily available carbon source, but the thermodynamic characteristics of CO₂ limit its widespread use in chemical reactions. This review summarizes the transformation of CO₂ via carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions. Ni complexes catalyzed the carboxylation of less reactive aryl chlorides and double carboxylation of internal alkynes in the presence of suitable reducing agents such as Mn or Zn powders under 1 atm of CO₂. Using Cu complexes as catalysts under CO₂ atmosphere, hydrocarboxylation and silacarboxylation of alkynes proceeded efficiently using hydrosilanes and silylboranes, respectively, as the reagents.