This study aims to uncover the structure and board membersʼ sentiments within a neighborhood association where out-migrants assume the role of chairperson. The study also discusses important considerations when residents embrace out-migrants as chairpersons, by focusing on the case of Nakae, Keihoku, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City. We interviewed three out-migrants who served as chairpersons in Nakae in 2001, 2015, and 2021, and nine residents who had experience as board members during these years. The questions focused on tasks assigned to each board member, mutual assistance among board members, selection process for board members, response of the association to disasters, and sentiments as board members. In addition, we collected some relevant documents pertaining to the association. Findings from our research highlighted following important points : 1） Board members share tasks and authority within the association ; 2） When the chairperson faces challenges, other board members step in ; 3） Residents involve some veterans on the board ; 4） In times of emergencies, the neighborhood association collaborates with the regional fire company, and the board members, except out-migrants, make decisions and respond accordingly ; 5） The board members have feelings of help, compassion, and gratitude toward out-migrants ; and 6） Residents foster a spirit of mutual help and openness toward board members and their work. It is important that rural communities facing population decline engage with non-residents such as out-migrants in order to sustain their communities, by referring to the abovementioned key points.
