香料ゼラニウムの精油分泌機能に関する生理・生態学的研究 : (第1報)腺鱗分布密度と収油率の関係及びその種間差異について

抄録

Geranium oil is a very important perfumer's raw material. "Geranium" is only a horticultural name which has nothing to do with true geranium, comm, ercial geranium oil being produced from different Pelargonium species. In Japan, material plants cultivated today for the production of geranium oil are Pelargoniuln deletici, latwa JACQ and P. roseulee WILLD. (Fig. 1), and the region where they are chiefly produced is the islands of the Inland Sea. The present paper deals with the experiment to inves, tigate the relation between the distribution of oil glands and the percentage of essential oil among species. Materials used in this work are of three species : P. denticulatum, P. roseum and. P. radula. Results are as follows : ( I ) The oil gland differentiates from epidermis of the plant, and consists of three parts, i. e., basal cells, stalk cells and a secretory cell. Essential oil is accumulated in the form of oil globules between the cuticle and cell wall of the secreto:ry cell (Fig. 2), and oil globules enlarge their volume to form a large spherical mass. These oil globules are easily detectable by staining with sudan III. ( 2 ) Oil glands are distributed chiefly on the surface of leaf blades, but there are a few glands in the othef parts of the plant, such as petiole, stipule; stem and calyx.