In this article, learning and other different activities in school education were explained from the perspective of self theories. The self-other relationship is the basis of self theories. It was explained from different angles: the structures of daily conversation, the etymology of the self, and the mechanism of early childhood in human development. For school education, self theories suggested that learning requires the self-other relationship: practically learning through dialogue. Last, constructing personal lives was also explained through the multiple self and the dialogical self. As the extent of modernity in society progressed drastically, people’s individualization and individuation were also developing. These social changes created career education in school curricula, which changed students’ learning: it was not only for acquiring knowledge and skills but also for forming their selves for the future.
