A Few New Methods of Metal Cutting to Get a Fine Surface at Low Speed : Sub-zero-, Reversal Finish-, and Ultrasonic Cutting

抄録

This paper describes a few new metal cutting methods-Sub-zero Cutting, Reversal Finish Cutting and, Ultrasonic Cutting which may produce an excellent finished surface having a lower roughness and a smaller depth and magnitude of work hardening, even under a low cutting velocity. In the ordinary machining, on account of the cohesive friction produced at the tool-chip and tool-work interfaces, the surface layer is dragged by a cutting edge of a tool and the surface finish becomes inferior. In the Sub-zero Cutting, the cohesive friction may be prevented by cooling both of the tools and the work below zero temperature and a fine finished surface may be gotten. The Reversal Cutting Finish is a method which may produce a smooth surface by taking advantage of the cohesive friction and it is performed by adding the last slight finish cutting having the reversed direction of cut to one of the basic cutting. The Ultrasonic Cutting is carried out by applying the ultrasonic vibration to tools or works. All of these would be more effective for cutting the ductile materials, because the cohesive friction is easy to occur, especially under low speed.