In order to reveal the effect of surface stress on the invasion of austenitic stainless steel by hydrogen and its interaction, thermal desorption analysis and X-ray diffraction stress measurements were conducted on hydrogen charged specimens after surface finishing. The obtained results show tensile residual accelerated invasion by hydrogen by 2.7 times compared to the case of which compressive residual stress was introduced. In addition, the stress was varied due to the presence of hydrogen as a reactive stress was generated by base metal against increase in the volume. This reactive stress was defined as hydrogen-induced compressive stress. It had a close relation with hydrogen content.