抄録
The purpose of this study was to create, and assess the effectiveness of, a learning guidance program to help first-grade students in elementary school master the skills of "submersion" and "bobbing" by playing in the water. The subjects were 28 first-grade students comprising 16 boys and 12 girls from elementary school A in Yamanashi, Japan. The teaching program consisted of a total of six units' hours over three lessons. In the first half of each lesson, we taught "submersion" and "bobbing." In the second half, we performed circuit play using "submersion," "bobbing," crocodile posture, and jumping from a swim platform. Reliability was verified by two university faculty members specializing in pedagogy of physical education. After that, exercise evaluation was performed. The results of the study showed significant improvement in the motion scores from pre-training to post-training for "submersion" (pre: 2.00 ± 0.76 pts, post: 3.14 ± 1.25 pts, p < 0.05) and "bobbing" (pre: 1.54 ± 0.73 pts, post: 2.96 ± 1.15 pts, p < 0.05). "Submersion" became possible gradually, by progressively increasing the area of the face submerged in water, in the order of chin, mouth, nose, ears, and eyes. In "bobbing," although their score improved, the students were able to exhale through the mouth and nose. In order to further increase the movement score for "bobbing," it is considered that more lessons at greater frequency will be required. The results of the study suggest that this learning guidance program is effective for the mastery of "submersion" and "bobbing" skills for first grade students.
