抄録
(1) The structural relationship between urban part and rural part of the capitalistic society is composed on the basis of unequal development of industry and agriculture and of the first section and the second section of industry with development of capitalism. The supporting condition of this unequal development is “the penetration of various urban relations into rural socieny” resulted from the dissolution of the small entrepreneur class mainly consisting of farming population. With this condition comes out “the exploitation of rural society by urban society”. The domination-obedience relationship between urban society and rural society appears politically on the basis of this exploitation through the establishment of modern nation and its control over local community on the one hand. On the other hand, solidarity is constructed among conscious laborers and farmers who are against the control
(2) The unequal development between urban society and rural society stated above, takes a new step with a shift of capitalism to monopolistic stage. “The quantitative phenomena” shows the structural unequality between monopolistic industry and non-monopolistic industry which suppresses the unequality between industry and agriculture (especially between the first section and the second section), connected with the horizontal trend in industry and the expansion of parasitic sections which are arisen from advancement of productivity and national policy under financial oligarchy. But the unequal development between urban sociey and rural society proceeds beneath those phenomena as the expansion and intensification of their “difference in quality”, whose recognition makes them a line of structural crisis of capitalism. Around this critical situation national control over “local community” under the financial oligarchy politically stands against the solidarity in local community constructed by various classes, especially by laborers and farmers.
(3) Besides this theory of the unequal development between urban society and rural society, we have alternative theories of urbanization and of life region which are connected with functionalism and systems toeory both in the fields of sociology and of economics. They try to explain various functional interdependence between urban society and rural society as well as their dynamic equilibrium along with the advancement of productivity. They sometimes admit unequilibrium and distortion among different regions as social reality, but try to interpret them with a quantitative scale and seek their solutions into investment strategies of monopolistic industry and “planned” policies of “the welfare state”. Those theories, in this sense, are theories of production and theories of domination. They are, above all, non-historical theories that hold and strengthen only one dimension of social reality.
