所有と権力の社会理論をめざして
-マルクスにおける社会把握の論理-
1973 年 24 巻 3 号 p. 18-37,141
詳細
1973 年 24 巻 3 号 p. 18-37,141
1. “okonomische Gesellschaftsformation” is the basic concept in Marx's social theory. It seems to me, however, that the concrete contents of this concept have not been fully investigated, and that the past disputes about it had some faults. One of them is the lack of the viewpoint of “social production”, which concerns largely “prozessierende Struktur” in reproducing relationship of individuals itself. From this viewpoint Marx could recognize materialistically the society to be the relations of production in their totality.
According to Marx's idea, the relations of production are “die gesellschaftliche Zusammenwirkensbeziehung” determined by “Aneignungsverhaltnis der Arbeit”, and this “Zusammenwirkensbeziehung” shows the definite form of society. Therefore, we can regard the society as “okonomische Gesellschaftsformation”, making clear “dynamics” of this “Zusammenwirkensbeziehung” or “prozessierende Struktur” of “social production”.
2. When we analyze logically the formation principle of the modern society from the above viewpoint, the following would be claimed generally :
the economic movement of society not only reproduces the relations of production themeselves, but also produces directly the definite forms of social conciousness and economic power. This economic power exists actually as various kinds of powers. Therefore, we have an anarchical society with competition and opposition among them. And these powers are transformed by the economically ruling class into a “transcendental”, public power that summarizes them, mediates their competition and opposition, and reigns over them. At the same time, the ruling ideology is composed of the forms of social conciousness, and becomes relatively independent of the forms themselves. Thus, the society constituted economically is reorganized by this public power and ideology.
Accordingly, we can conclude, a certain “okonomische Gesellschaftsformation”, in its own real logic of movement, produces the definite “politische and ideologische Gesellschaftsformation”, which corresponds to it. Comprehending fully Marx's logic of “okonomische Gesellschaftsformation”, we can investigate the mediate unity between so-called “Basis” and “Uberbau” in its actuality.
