Abstract
This paper tries to clarify the reason why state policies are different in various societies and criticize 'state-centered approach' theoretically, on which Skocpol and others are based when they study welfare states in comparative perspective.
Firstly various concrete differences and/or variances in welfare states are identified and the process of capitalist state policies including those of the welfare state is formalized. State policies are generally made through three phases, which consist of input phase of various interests from social relations, for example, class relations, translation phase of those interests into policies by state personnels, and output phase of state policies as a consequence.
Secondly it is assured that state personnels should have their own interests which cannot be necessarily reduced to particular class interests and are not logically consistent as a result of the specificity of the capitalist state. Therefore the fact that the typology constructed or differentiation identified only on the basis of that of the input phase should be theoretically relevant is suggested.
Thirdly the emergence of concrete differences and/or variances in welfare states is described based on the general framework of state policy-making which this paper suggested.
