Abstract
The industrial society created by development in science and technology needs a particular type of specialists to maintain itself. The modern public education has provided highly skilled scientists, engineers and workers for the past 150 years. However, the sophistication and the resulting structural changes of the industry that took place for the recent decades now require structural changes also in the education sector. In parallel to these changes, the structure of research is shifting from Mode 1, based on individual disciplines each of which form its own community of researchers, to Mode 2, based on transdisciplinary groups of scientists of different disciplines corresponding to particular social needs. These changes urge the educational system to shift from the traditional schooling of the youth to a system based on lifelong education.
