最近40年間の中国の科学技術 : 日本の科学技術政策に期待するもの : 第3回年次学術大会

抄録

From 1950 to 1978, the growth of Chinese science and technology experienced two cycles in which it rose and fell. This was mainly the result of political unrest in the country The period of growth was from 1950 to 1959, when Chinese science and technology developed from a blank to a large system comprising many fields. During this period also China narrowed its scientific gap with the more advanced level overseas. The counter-Right Movement (in which the Communist Party in power suppressed the intellectuals' criticisms and persecuted them) and the Great Leap Forward movement, in addition to the withdrawal of the Soviets from the Sino-Soviet treaty of Science and Technology, ended this growth period. This was followed by the first period of decline (1960-1961). The second period of growth (1962-1965) was terminated by the Great Culture Revolution, and the second period of decline lasted until 1977. After the close of the Great Culture Revolution in 1978, the nation entered a new era. Science and technology came considered to be the key to the realization of the Four Modernizations and intellectuals were esteemd again by the Party/Government. Between 1979-1988, unprecedented development and changes have occurred in science and technology. A Starlight Program to develop rural areas and a Torch Program to promote high technology are now under way. However, there are problems. For example, the intellectuals are still not treated very well and their salaries are low when compared with the laborers and with others engaged in business. China thinks highly of the success of Japan and seeks to learn from it. Not only its material outputs, but its experiences in planning, policy-making, management, and methods of co-operation and personal intercourse.