抄録
The trade friction between Japan and Euro-America has augmented to become a structural issue, which will be discussed not only from the view point of industry and the economy, but also from the view point of science and technology and of research and development. Apart from a political aspect, we will study the structure of science and technology and of R&D, as such study had not been done before. In studying science and technology in an international comparison, certain points of view inevitably arise, such as that of national power as production and division of wealth. Among possible indexes, the most important is the changing balance of three poles: Japan, U.S., and Europe. The U.S. dominates in its technology trade; in other words, the control of patent. Against such dominance, Japan has challenged with increasing export of products, and has changed this structural ruling system. Furthermore the amount of Japan's patent application have increased rapidly, decreasing American power to rule technology by using patents. And also Japan is trying to be more global, through such measures as extending R&D bases abroad to search for advanced prospect. But some problems remain; most prominently how to cope with problems arising from heavy interdependence between U.S. and Europe and with technology of military and defense. This paper is an introduction to studying the international structure of the R&D process.
