空間の行動実験的研究(3) : 空間のイメージとスケール感について

抄録

(1) Theme This study is the third in a series of papers dealing with topic, "Experimental Study on Man's Behavior in Space". The first of these papers includes living daily behavior and the experimental study of this behavior and is entitled, "Study Methods of Living-Scale". This was presented at the Eleventh Design Congress and the second paper was presented at the Thirteenth Design Congress. This paper is a further development of the first two papers and attempts to bring together the following three themes: 1) In accordance with the principles of motivation of man's behavior, space is considered to be an incentive and living need a drive. This experiment on man's behavior is done from the point of view that the motivation of living behavior is derived when an incentive and a drive meet. 2) Prior to the experiment, subjects are shown to a certain experimental space. Then their reaction to the space's image and scale is to be analyzed. 3) A control method is adopted by which one space remains the same as a standard and the other space varies so that the results of man's behavior in each space can be compared to analyze and obtain necessary data for interior planning. (2) Study Methods 1) Experimental Space 3.6 m × 3.6 m × 2.7 m are the measurements of the standard space and the other space to be compared with it is [figure] shaped space, missing one corner. (the size of the missing corner is varied) 2) The Subjects 12 male students and 12 female students are devided into six groups so that each group has two students of each sex and the some average height. Each group behaves as appointed in the space. 3) Fixed Way of Behavior In order to move around the space unconsciously, the subjects are to match the cut out paper patterns placed along the four walls. 4) Question and Answer A written test is given to the subjects which seeks to get unconsious answers about their reaction to the image and scale of the space. This is done by asking various direct and indirect questions. As a pretest before entering the space, the subjects are given tests on the chart. (3) Conclusion 1) If the shape (Gestalt) is geometrically simple, almost no difference is observed between the test on the chart and the space experiment. 2) If one corner of the square is taken away in a square shape, when the ratio of the side of the taken-away-square and the side of the original square is within 0.43%, the shape creates an image of oppression and when it is over 0.43%, the whole space gives the feeling of L-shaped space which rather creates an image of extending. 3) The space with Pragnant image creates a more relaxed atmoshere than the space with ambiguous image.