アンモニアによる水素貯蔵と運搬

抄録

Hydrogen can be stored in many different forms as compressed or liquefied hydrogen in tanks, as a hydrogen-absorbing alloy, as metal hydrides with light elements, as organic hydrides or by adsorption on carbon materials. Ammonia has been expected as a hydrogen energy carrier because it has a high H₂ storage capacity with 17.8 wt% and 10.7-12.1 kgH₂/100 L. The volumetric hydrogen density is 1.5-2.5 times of liquid hydrogen, and it is easily liquefied under about 1 MPa at room temperature. Ammonia has advantages in cost and convenience as a hydrogen carrier for fuel cell vehicles, energy carrier for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), gas turbine of electric power plants. Current PEM fuel cells are poisoned by trace levels (> 0.1 ppm) of ammonia. After hydrogen generation by ammonia cracking, ammonia absorption materials will be useful to produce the high purity hydrogen gas.