Blood Supply of the Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Node Arteries in the Thoroughbred Racehorse

Keiji KIRYU; Takashi NAKAMURA; Noboru MACHIDA; Shin MUKAI

doi:10.11276/jsvc1984.27.60

サラブレッドにおける洞房結節動脈および房室結節動脈の走行

桐生啓治, 中村孝, 町田登, 向井真

著者情報

ジャーナルフリー

1994 年 27 巻 2 号 p. 60-69

DOI https://doi.org/10.11276/jsvc1984.27.60

詳細

発行日: 1994 年受付日: 1994/11/29 J-STAGE公開日: 2009/09/17 受理日: 1994/12/09 早期公開日: - 改訂日: -
訂正情報
訂正日: 2009/09/17 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 論文抄録訂正内容: Wrong : Postmortem coronary angiography was performed in ten thoroughbred racehorses, and the origin and distribution of the sinoatrial or sinus node (SAN) and atrioventricular node (AVN) arteries (SAN art, AVN art) were subsequently investigated by means of xeroradiography and histological examination. The SANart received a dual blood supply from the atrial branches of the coronary arteries: one origination in the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery, and another in the right coronary artery. Interarterial coronary anastomoses, where these branches communicated with one another, were located in the SAN with the anterolateral free wall of the right atrium. In addition, the atrial branches comprising the SAN art gave off fine branches into the AVN area. The AVN also appeared to be perfused by arterial branches of both the left and right coronary arteries: The AVN art consisted of one of the anterior septal branches of the interventricular paraconal branch of the left coronary artery, and the other two of the posterior septal branches of the circumflex and interventricular subsinusal branches of the right coronary artery, respectively. Including the atrial branch arteries comprising the SAN art, the AVN art with such a triple blood supply seemed to have intercoronar y anastomoses in the AVN. Although no such specific conducting fibers as an internodal tract have been found anywhere, the features of the arteries running through the atria that supply blood to the SAN in the thoroughbred racehorse, seem to resemble those of the internodal conduction system in man.
Right : Postmortem coronary angiography was performed in ten thoroughbred racehorses, and the origin and distribution of the sinoatrial or sinus node (SAN) and atrioventricular node (AVN) arteries (SAN art, AVN art) were subsequently investigated by means of xeroradiography and histological examination. The SAN art received a dual blood supply from the atrial branches of the coronary arteries: one origination in the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery, and another in the right coronary artery. Interarterial coronary anastomoses, where these branches communicated with one another, were located in the SAN with the anterolateral free wall of the right atrium. In addition, the atrial branches comprising the SAN art gave off fine branches into the AVN area. The AVN also appeared to be perfused by arterial branches of both the left and right coronary arteries: The AVN art consisted of one of the anterior septal branches of the interventricular paraconal branch of the left coronary artery, and the other two of the posterior septal branches of the circumflex and interventricular subsinusal branches of the right coronary artery, respectively. Including the atrial branch arteries comprising the SAN art, the AVN art with such a triple blood supply seemed to have intercoronar y anastomoses in the AVN. Although no such specific conducting fibers as an internodal tract have been found anywhere, the features of the arteries running through the atria that supply blood to the SAN in the thoroughbred racehorse, seem to resemble those of the internodal conduction system in man.

訂正日: 2009/09/17 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 引用文献情報訂正内容: Wrong : 1) Tawara, T.: Das Reizleintungssystem des Säugetierherzens. Eine anatomisch-histologische Studie ülber das Atrioventrikularbiindel and die Purkinjeschen Fäden. G. Fisher, Jena, 1906.
2) Keith, A. and M. Flack (1907): The form and nature of the muscular connections between the primary divisions of the vertebrate heart. J. Anat. Physiol., 41, 172-189.
3) Christensen, G. C. (1962): The blood supply to interventricular septum of the heart-A comparative study. Am. J. Vet. Res., 23, 869-874.
4) Bartho, E. and G. Gagnon (1964): A comparative study in three dimensions of the blood supply of the normal interventricular septum in human, canine, bovine, porcine, ovine and equine heart. Dis. Chest., 46, 251-262.
5) Rodriguez, F. L., Robins, S. L. and M. Banasicwicz (1961): The descending sepial artery in human, porcine, equine, ovine, bovine and canine hearts. A postmortem angiographic study. Am. Heart J., 62, 247-259.
6) Bishop, S. P. and C. R. Cole (1967): Morphology of specialized conducting tissue in the atria of the equine heart. Anat. Rec., 158, 401-416.
7) Rowlings, C. A. (1977): Coronary arterial anatomy of the small pony. Am. J. Vet. Res., 38, 1031-1035.
8) Amend, J. F., Garner, H. G. and B. Fichtenbaum (1980): Xeroradiographic observations of coronarial distribution in domestic ponies. Microvasc. Res., 20, 151-155.
9) Kiryu, K., Kaneko, M. and H. Satoh (1977): Cardiopathological observations on histopathogenesis of incomplete atrioventricular block in horses. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci., 39, 425-436.
10) Kiryu, K. (1981): Cardiopathology of Arrhythmias in the horse. Proc. 26th Conv. Am. Assoc. Equine Practitnrs. California, 457-468.
11) Kiryu, K., Kaneko, M., Kanemaru, T., Yoshihara, T., Hasegawa, M. and Y. Tomioka (1985): Cardiopathology of sinoatrial block in horses. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci., 47, 45-54.
12) Amada, A. and K. Kiryu (1987): Atrial fibrillation in the race horse. Heart Vessels. Suppl., 2, 2-6.
13) Kiryu, K., Nakamura, T., Machida, N., Tangiku, M., Kaneko, M., Yoshihara, T. and T. Yamamoto (1991): Cardiopathological changes in racehorses with abrupt deceleration of speed during a race. Jpn. J. Equine. Sci., 2, 21-30.
14) Kiryu, K., Nakamura, T., Kaneko, M., Oikawa, M. and T. Yoshihara (1987): Cardiopathology of sudden cardiac death in the race horse. Heart Vessels. Suppl., 2, 40-46.
16) Izumisawa, N., Machida, N., Kiryu, K., Kitayama, T., Nakamura, T. and T. Suzuki (1994): Blood supply of the sinus node artery in beagle dogs. Heart Vessels, 9, 96-103.
17) Schlesinger, M. J. (1957): New radiopaque mass for vascular injection. Lab. Invest., 6, 1-11. 18) Brascho, D. J. (1963): A technique for postmortem coronary angiography. Am. Heart J., 66, 375-380.
20) Chowdkury, A. K. and A. K. Banerjee (1960): Blood pressure in horse. Indian Vet. J., 37, 341-348.
23) James, T. N.: Anatomy of Coronary Arteries, pp. 51-131, Paul B. Hoeber, New York, 1961.
24) Tsuchiya, G. (1970): Postmortem angiographic studies on the intercoronary arterial anastmoses. Report I. Studies on intercoronary arterial anastomoses in adult human hearts and the influence on the anastomoses of structures of the coronary arteries. Jpn. Circulation J., 34, 1213-1220.
25) James, T. N. (1963): The conducting pathway between the sinus node and the A-V node and between the right and left atrium in the human heart. Am. Heart J., 66, 498-508.
26) Romihilt, D. W., Hackel, D. B. and E. H. Estes (1968): Origin of blood supply to sinoauricular and atrioventricular node. Am. Heart J., 75, 279-280.
27) Nerantzis, C. E., Toutouzas, P. and D. Avgoustakis (1983): The importance of the sinus node artery in the blood supply of the atrial myocardium. Acta. Cardiol., 38, 35-47.
28) James, T. N. (1991): Anatomy of human sinus node. Anat. Rec., 141, 109-131.
29) Anderson, R., Ho, S. Y., Smith, A. and A. E. Becker (1981): The internodal atrial myocardium. Anat. Rec., 201, 75-82.
31) Domenech-Mateu, J. M., Arn-Palou, A. and A. Martinezozo (1991): Study of the development of the atrioventricular conduction system as a consequence of observing an extra atrioventricular node in the normal heart of a human fetus. Anat. Rec., 230, 73-85.

Right : 1) Tawara, T.: Das Reizleintungssystem des Säugetierherzens. Eine anatomisch-histologische Studie ülber das Atrioventrikularbündel and die Purkinjeschen Fäden. G. Fisher, Jena, 1906.
2) Keith, A. and M. Flack (1907): The form and nature of the muscular connections between the primary divisions of the vertebrate heart. J. Anat. Physiol., 41, 172-189.
3) Christensen, G. C. (1962): The blood supply to interventricular septum of the heart-A comparative study. Am. J. Vet. Res., 23, 869-874.
4) Bartho, E. and G. Gagnon (1964): A comparative study in three dimensions of the blood supply of the normal interventricular septum in human, canine, bovine, porcine, ovine and equine heart. Dis. Chest., 46, 251-262.
5) Rodriguez, F. L., Robins, S. L. and M. Banasicwicz (1961): The descending septal artery in human, porcine, equine, ovine, bovine and canine hearts. A postmortem angiographic study. Am. Heart J., 62, 247-259.
6) Bishop, S. P. and C. R. Cole (1967): Morphology of specialized conducting tissue in the atria of the equine heart. Anat. Rec., 158, 401-416.
7) Rowlings, C. A. (1977): Coronary arterial anatomy of the small pony. Am. J. Vet. Res., 38, 1031-1035.
8) Amend, J. F., Garner, H. G. and B. Fichtenbaum (1980): Xeroradiographic observations of coronarial distribution in domestic ponies. Microvasc. Res., 20, 151-155.
9) Kiryu, K., Kaneko, M. and H. Satoh (1977): Cardiopathological observations on histopathogenesis of incomplete atrioventricular block in horses. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci., 39, 425-436.
10) Kiryu, K. (1981): Cardiopathology of Arrhythmias in the horse. Proc. 26th Conv. Am. Assoc. Equine Practitnrs. California, 457-468.
11) Kiryu, K., Kaneko, M., Kanemaru, T., Yoshihara, T., Hasegawa, M. and Y. Tomioka (1985): Cardiopathology of sinoatrial block in horses. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci., 47, 45-54.
12) Amada, A. and K. Kiryu (1987): Atrial fibrillation in the race horse. Heart Vessels. Suppl., 2, 2-6.
13) Kiryu, K., Nakamura, T., Machida, N., Tangiku, M., Kaneko, M., Yoshihara, T. and T. Yamamoto (1991): Cardiopathological changes in racehorses with abrupt deceleration of speed during a race. Jpn. J. Equine. Sci., 2, 21-30.
14) Kiryu, K., Nakamura, T., Kaneko, M., Oikawa, M. and T. Yoshihara (1987): Cardiopathology of sudden cardiac death in the race horse. Heart Vessels. Suppl., 2, 40-46.
16) Izumisawa, N., Machida, N., Kiryu, K., Kitayama, T., Nakamura, T. and T. Suzuki (1994): Blood supply of the sinus node artery in beagle dogs. Heart Vessels, 9, 96-103.
17) Schlesinger, M. J. (1957): New radiopaque mass for vascular injection. Lab. Invest., 6, 1-11.
18) Brascho, D. J. (1963): A technique for postmortem coronary angiography. Am. Heart J., 66, 375-380.
20) Chowdkury, A. K. and A. K. Banerjee (1960): Blood pressure in horse. Indian Vet. J., 37, 341-348.
23) James, T. N.: Anatomy of Coronary Arteries, pp. 51-131, Paul B. Hoeber, New York, 1961.
24) Tsuchiya, G. (1970): Postmortem angiographic studies on the intercoronary arterial anastmoses. Report I. Studies on intercoronary arterial anastomoses in adult human hearts and the influence on the anastomoses of structures of the coronary arteries. Jpn. Circulation J., 34, 1213-1220.
25) James, T. N. (1963): The conducting pathway between the sinus node and the A-V node and between the right and left atrium in the human heart. Am. Heart J., 66, 498-508.
26) Romihilt, D. W., Hackel, D. B. and E. H. Estes (1968): Origin of blood supply to sinoauricular and atrioventricular node. Am. Heart J., 75, 279-280.
27) Nerantzis, C. E., Toutouzas, P. and D. Avgoustakis (1983): The importance of the sinus node artery in the blood supply of the atrial myocardium. Acta. Cardiol., 38, 35-47.
28) James, T. N. (1991): Anatomy of human sinus node. Anat. Rec., 141, 109-131.
29) Anderson, R., Ho, S. Y., Smith, A. and A. E. Becker (1981): The internodal atrial myocardium. Anat. Rec., 201, 75-82.
31) Doménech-Mateu, J. M., Arn-Palou, A. and A. Martinezozo (1991): Study of the development of the atrioventricular conduction system as a consequence of observing an extra atrioventricular node in the normal heart of a human fetus. Anat. Rec., 230, 73-85.

抄録

10頭のサラブレッドに死後冠状動脈造影法を施し,ゼロラジオグラフィーと組織学的検索によって洞結節および房室結節,洞結節動脈および房室結節動脈の位置および走行を明らかにした。
洞結節動脈は冠状動脈の心房枝から二元性の血液供給を受けていた。一つは左冠状動脈回旋枝から発するものであり,他は右冠状動脈より発していた。この二通りの動脈による冠状動脈問吻合は右心房の外側前部遊離壁部に位置する洞結節内に認められた。さらに,洞結節動脈を含む心房枝は房室結節領域に細い分枝を出していた。一方,房室結節もまた,左右冠状動脈両方の動脈分枝が関与していた。即ち,房室結節動脈は左冠状動脈の旁円錐室間枝,右冠状動脈の回旋枝および洞下室間枝の各々に由来する分枝動脈から成り立っていた。房室結節領域の血液供給は左冠状動脈の旁円錐室間枝,右冠状動脈の回旋枝および洞下室間枝からの房室結節動脈,および洞結節動脈由来の心房枝による三元性の動脈分布として観察された。この三通りの動脈は房室結節にて冠状動脈間吻合を形成していた。今回の検索ではサラブレッドにおいて結節間伝導路に相当する特殊心節線錐は見出されなかったが,洞結節へ血液供給し,心房内を走行する動脈(心房枝)の走行は人における結節間伝導路のそれに類似していた。

責任著者(Corresponding author)

訂正情報

J-STAGEへの登録はこちら（無料）