Development of High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma Concurrent with T-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in a Dog

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The second malignancies are frequent complications in the human patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, the clinical details and outcome of this phenomenon were unclear in the canine counterparts. Here we report a dog with high-grade lymphoma concurrent with T-cell CLL. A 10-year-old male golden retriever presented with lymphadenopathies. The lymph nodes contained large-sized lymphocytes, raising suspicion of high-grade lymphoma. Meanwhile, small-lymphocytic lymphocytosis in the peripheral blood was consistent with CLL. Interestingly, molecular biological analyses revealed that CLL cells were T-cell type, whereas lymphoma cells were B-cell type. Chemotherapy using the L-VCA short protocol was effective for 155 days, but the dog died on day 194 after diagnosis, despite rescue therapies.