Diagnostic utility of two-dimensional shear wave elastography in nephropathic dogs and its correlation with renal contrast-enhanced ultrasound in course of acute kidney injury

Abstract

Aims of our study were to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic value of two-dimensional shear wave elastography in dogs with acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and acute on chronic kidney disease, its correlation with renal functional (creatinine, urea), and prognostic parameters (serum calcium-phosphorus product, urinary output), and with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (qualitative and quantitative evaluation). The study was prospective. A group of healthy (Group A) and a group of nephropathic dogs (Group B) were included. Shear wave elastography was performed on the left kidney of the subjects of both groups; contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed only in dogs with acute kidney injury and acute on chronic kidney disease. Sixty-four dogs were included (Group A, n=24; Group B, n=40). The renal stiffness values were significantly higher in Group B than Group A; optimal cut-off stiffness values for detection of renal pathology were: ≥1.51 m/sec (area under the curve, 0.84; 95% confidence interval 0.74–0.94) and ≥6.75 kPa (area under the curve, 0.84; 95% confidence interval 0.73–0.94). For contrast-enhanced ultrasound, a significant positive correlation was found between renal stiffness, area under the curve, and wash-out area under the curve values of cortex quantitative analysis. No correlations were found between renal stiffness and renal functional and prognostic parameters. Shear wave elastography showed diagnostic utility to detect renal abnormalities in dogs with acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease and acute on chronic kidney disease, however, it could not differentiate between these different nephropathies.