中国国有企業の経営自主権

抄録

Since the end of 1978, the Chinese Government has been yielding greater managerial authority to state-owned enterprises in a step-by-step fashion in order to vitalize these enterprises. It is said that these reforms have achieved a certain degree of success. In the 1990's, however, many state-owned enterprises found themselves in financial difficulties. The chief cause is that these enterprises did not receive sufficient managerial authority to meet the challenges of the market economy with an independent administration. Once again, the excessive government control is the primary obstruction to expanding managerial authority. It is said that the approach being employed to transform the economic system in China, which is called gradual reform, has met with considerable success in achieving a soft landing with the introduction of the market economy. However, the problem is that the old system still remains; therefore, the government is still controlling the enterprises. As a result, the vitality of the management of state-owned enterprises has decreased and management finds it difficult to meet market economy challenges. The key to the solving the excessive government control is promoting the development of private enterprises. Property rights of state-owned enterprises should be clarified through M&A and cross shareholdings, etc, with private enterprises to encourage managers and to develop private enterprises. Furthermore, the laws regarding markets, auditing, joint-stock companies, etc, should be properly established. Finally, it is indispensable that the administration is reformed and the ideology is renovated.