地域住民のソーシャル・キャピタルとパンデミック時の感染予防行動

―スコーピングレビュー

抄録

Objective: This scoping review synthesizes existing evidence on how social capital (SC) influences community dwellers’ non-pharmaceutical preventive behaviors during pandemics. Although interest in this relationship has grown, previous studies have reported inconsistent findings, highlighting the need for a systematic mapping of the evidence.

Methods: Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Ichushi-Web. Studies were included if they examined SC among community dwellers and its association with preventive behaviors during pandemics. A segregated mixed-methods synthesis was employed, with quantitative and qualitative findings analyzed separately and integrated.

Results: Thirty-eight studies (34 quantitative, 4 qualitative) were included. Although definitions and measures of SC varied, 33 of 34 quantitative studies reported significant associations between SC and preventive behaviors. Aggregated SC indicators generally showed positive effects, while results using disaggregated indicators varied by SC component, direction of influence, and regional context. Qualitative findings highlighted four themes—community context, trust, social cohesion, and social networks—that illustrated mechanisms through which SC shapes preventive behaviors.

Conclusion: SC plays a multifaceted role in shaping preventive behaviors during pandemics. Future research should differentiate SC types and components and ensure conceptual and operational clarity to better understand its diverse effects.