Objective: This study aimed to clarify the relationship between oral function, assessed by gargling, and suspected neurodevelopmental disorders in 5-year-old children.

Methods: We used maternal and child health data from 1,490 pairs of parents and 5-year-old children who received health checkups in one municipality in the Tokyo metropolitan area. The data were obtained during the mother’s pregnancy period and children’s health checkups. In The evaluation of the children’s oral function during examination by a pediatrician, those suspected of having autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were classified under “ASD or ADHD”; those who had other developmental findings were classified under “other developmental findings.” The relationship was analyzed using a nominal logistic regression analysis.

Results: The odds ratio (95%Confidence interval) for “not possible” or “problematic” in the oral function of the 5-year-old health checkup was 2.64 (1.68-4.15) for “ASD and ADHD” and 1.70 (1.11-2.61) for “other developmental findings.”

Conclusion: Children with suspected neurodevelopmental disorders are likely to have comorbid oral functional issues. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a system in which they can receive professional support. To enable timely support, it is useful to implement gargling at home or at the child’s preschool.

本研究は，世界保健機関の2019年の生命表および死亡率データベースに基づき，モンゴルにおける死因別・年齢階級別の平均寿命の男女格差を明らかにすることを目的とする．その結果，モンゴルの平均寿命の男女格差（8.9歳）はアジアで最も大きく，かつ拡大傾向にあった．死因別の死亡率では，外傷・中毒（31.9％）の男女格差が最も大きく，次いで悪性腫瘍（18.1％），虚血性心疾患（17.1％），脳血管疾患（10.4％），その他の心疾患（4.9％）といったいわゆる非感染症の順であった．一方，長年モンゴルの主要な感染症であった結核による死亡率は低下し，疫学転換を経験していた．これらの死因のうち，アルコールによる中毒・曝露と肝臓がんは，とくに生産年齢人口において平均寿命の男女格差に最も大きく寄与しており，その根本原因は男性の過度の飲酒にある．モンゴル政府は，モンゴル男性の過度の飲酒による健康への悪影響を十分に認識しており，多くの研究，プロジェクト，キャンペーンを実施してきた．しかし，専門家の不足，モニタリング，評価，フォローアップの不足により，状況は改善されていない．公平性と公衆衛生の観点から，どの年齢階級，どの疾患を最優先にすべきか検討することが求められる．

This study focused on Heavy Episodic Drinking (HED) among workers in their 20s and 30s and examined the prevalence of alcohol use disorders based on the frequency of HED. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a monitor-type web survey. The study used the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) to assess alcohol use disorders. The participants were 1,393 men and 2,605 women in their 20s and 30s who had engaged in HED at least once a month and had not received any treatment for alcohol-related issues. The results showed that the frequency of HED among men was 45.1% once a month, 34.9% once a week, and 20.0% almost daily, whereas among women, it was 50.4% once a month, 33.4% once a week, and 16.3% almost daily. Among those who engaged in HED once a month, 40% of men and 30% of women had high levels of alcohol-related problems. Moreover, the usual amount of alcohol consumed was averaging equivalent of 3 to 4 drinks. Among those who engaged in HED once a week, 60% of men and 50% of women had high levels of alcohol-related problems. Furthermore, signs of dependence and harmful use were less frequent among women compared to men.