This paper discussed the process of establishing the concept of the "thematic unit" in Minoru Koshimizu's theory of unit learning. First, Minoru Koshimizu divided the "unit of work" into different concepts and recommended the "topical unit" instead of the "problem unit." Moreover, in 1958 he advocated the "thematic unit" as being better for the following three reasons: 1) it enables the students to express their inner thoughts; 2) it allows the students to read texts thoroughly; and 3) it clarified his own earlier theories. This paper found that such an affirmation demonstrates his continuing challenge to overcome the problems with the unit learning theory in Japanese language arts in the early postwar period.