パレスチナ紛争に見る「宗教ナショナリズム」の位相

宗教と国際政治

抄録

A fundamental change has occurred in the Palestinian Conflict, the most deep-rooted and problematic among the regional conflicts of the twentieth century. As the Middle East peace process for the political settlement of this century-long conflict continues, a gradual creeping from a secular nationalism to an other-worldly religious nationalism shift can be seen inside the Palestinian National Movement. The background of such a shift can be seen in the following facts; 1) an identity crisis coming from the fear of losing the Arab-Palestinian community, 2) fear of losing political and economic independence as in the colonial age, especially as the ongoing peace process is slowly bringing the Palestinian problem to a close, and 3) a sense of the failure of restoring an Arab land such as Palestine.
In the past 50 years, during which the Arab world had fought against Israel over Palestine, it has failed miserably in achieving the three national goals stated above, whether it be during the Arab Nationalism Age in the 1950's and 60's or during the age of State Nationalism after the 1970's. Therefore, during the 1980's and 90's, the movement has become a combating and defensive revolutionary movement based on violent armed struggles and using Islam as a strong political ideology while, however, still persisting in its originally set goals.
Bearing these national aims in mind, I will anatomize the historical significance of the Religious National Movement, which sheds light on doubts about the legitimate historical right of a Jewish state, while it simultaneously questions the worldliness of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), which agreed to a peace deal with Israel in the Oslo interim self-rule agreements.