中華民国北京政府期の学制会議に関する研究

抄録

In the history of modern education in China, the Renxu Educational System, established in 1922, has been regarded as an "imitation of the United States" because of the introduction of the 6-3-3 School System. Prior to the establishment of the Renxu Educational System, Republican China's system was based on the "Japanese model." Therefore it has been the accepted interpretation that the system in operation during the Beijing Government Period of Republican China shifted from a Japanese to an American model. Previous research has determined the leading part played by the Chinese Federation of Educational Associations in the establishment of the Renxu Educational System. However, the role of the Ministry of Education remained a subject that was not addressed. Thus, this article will clarify the Ministry of Education's role in the establishment of the Renxu system. The following three points regarding the role of the Ministry of Education will be explained in this article : 1. In September 1922, the Ministry of Education convened the Chinese Conference on the Educational System. The reason for holding this conference was that the Ministry of Education was under pressure to change the nation's uniform educational system in the face of opposing voices demanding educational reform. In this, both the Ministry of Education and the Chinese Federation of Educational Associations shared the position that it was necessary to change the uniform educational system. 2. At the Chinese Conference on the Educational System, previous educational systems were taken into consideration in the establishment of a new system. Conference participants included many officials from the Ministry of Education as well as educators involved in the field of higher education. Regarding this point, the conference differed from the Chinese Federation of Educational Associations. 3. At the conference, an extension of compulsory education was discussed but not resolved. Instead, a 4-3 Elementary School System and 4-2 Middle School System was accepted in principle out of consideration for earlier systems and local circumstances. Taking into account the Chinese Conference on the Educational System, it is clear that the American model of the 6-3-3 School System was not accepted in toto. Looking at the history of the educational system during the Beijing Government Period of Republican China, it cannot simply be said that it "changed from a Japanese to an American model."