戦後夜間中学校の研究 : 東京都夜間中学校日本語学級の開設に着目して

抄録

This paper will clarify the establishment of Japanese language classes in Tokyo junior high night schools in order to situate the study of junior high night schools within the history of education in postwar Japan. At first, junior high night schools provided instruction to students who failed to attend school or had long absences due to postwar confusion. By the end of the 1960s, junior high night schools accepted repatriates and returnees from Korea and China. Because repatriate/returnees were born in Korea and China during the war, they could not speak Japanese, and, as seen in examples such as Tokyo, Japanese language classes were was required. However, language classes in junior high night schools were not established smoothly because such courses did not fit into the normal institutional design. On-site teachers had to cope with the challenges that arose Tokyo junior high night schools provide a suitable example for examination of such on-site adjustments. First, this paper considers the background to the establishment of Japanese language classes, particularly the new role given to junior high night schools with the influx of repatriates and returnees in Tokyo under the Minobe government (Section II). Second this paper examines the challenges faced by on-site teachers with the formation of language classes by analyzing records produced by the teachers themselves (Section III). Third this paper argues that on-site efforts by teachers became linked to public campaigns beyond school education (Section IV). The establishment of Japanese language class was an important historic turning point in the development of the junior high night school, because it established the precedent for what is today considered one of the most important roles of the night school, that of acceptance of "newcomers."