抄録
The purpose of this paper is to criticize the assumption about the
relationship between mind and world in moral education by focusing
on John McDowell’s reading of Wittgenstein’s rule-following considerations.
Some researchers have taken moral formation as the gradual development
of interdependent relationships between moral principles and
particular cases. Nevertheless, they fail to show that one can, together
with others, criticize her own perception of a moral fact or property in
a particular situation because her perception may be captivated by the
dichotomic picture of mind and world.
In order to help these researchers break out of the dichotomic picture,
I compare Saul Kripke’s reading of Wittgenstein’s rule-following
considerations with McDowell’s. Both regard the concept of a community
of rule-followers as a precondition for being able to follow rules.
Kripke appeals to that concept to bridge an abysmal gap between mind
and world, because he thinks the correctness of each person’s interpretation
of a rule depends on its correspondence with that of other community
members. By contrast, McDowell argues that we should reject
the idea of the abysmal gap between mind and world.
In a parallel way, McDowell takes the concept of a virtuous person
as a precondition of appropriate moral actions, refusing an abysmal gap
between evaluation and descriptive fact. A virtuous person’s action is
caused by her perception of the salient features of a particular situation,
which is accompanied by her conception of how to live. Her appreciation
of the situation is an ideal one. As finite agents, we should try to see aspects
of the world as she would see them.
Finally, I provide a new perspective on Aristotle’s practical syllogism,
according to which a perception of the salient features of a particular situation (minor premise) helps us to make sense of a moral
principle (major premise) and an action (conclusion). This perspective
enables us to understand how one can criticize her own perception without
being dizzied by the abysmal gap between mind and world.
https://ror.org/017hkng22 
