抄録
In discussing the theme “Educational philosophy and society”, Spinoza’s theory of politics immediately springs to mind. Envisioning the present situation, that is, we can’t but suffer from the serious conflict between the ideal of symbiosis, which estimates highly pluralistic value, and exclusive emotions, Spinoza’s conviction, that human beings are naturally envious, prefer revenge, and aim at the domination over others, comes closer to our heart beyond the temporal isolation of four hundred years.
As well known, Hegel is a person who has extensively developed a mutual recognition theory to consider the way of formation of modern civil society and symbiosis there. Hegel thinks that only when people limit their own power by themselves, mutual recognition can be accomplished. And such Hegel’s thought applies to Hobbes’ state theory, that is, people transfer their own survival rights (natural rights) to the highest authority (self- limitation) in order to escape from the war of all against all. Spinoza seeks to preserve natural rights against the traditional way of thinking, that is, only self- limitation can bring about mutual recognition. Spinoza believes that by conserving their nature of self-preservation, social members can form a society. Is this possible? Although cooperativeness is necessary for survival, Spinoza confirms that people are naturally captured by envy and revenge. As such it is necessary to create a mechanism to maintain cooperativeness. How does Spinoza think of the mechanism, through which people can maintain commonality, while maintaining their nature of self-preservation as it is?
In this paper, I would like to explore in Spinoza’s thought the possibility of a mutual recognition theory which is exempt from the necessity of self- limitation.
https://ror.org/03599d813 
