ナトルプにおける労作人の構造について

抄録

In this essay I consider Natorp's writings on the formation of homo faber, considered as part of the process of human formation. By “human formation” I mean the process of unlimited awareness, the essential ', starting point of which I wish to consider as labor. In Natorp's mind, labor is that genuinely human activity by which man establishes relations with the natural world. This activity, considered in its early and later stages, is not entirely the same, but in both stages it may be said to be the limiless exertion of a person as he aims at a spiritual idea. If Natorp's “awareness” is taken in the sense of laying hold of an idea, an essential relation between “awareness” and “labor” is indicated. We must remember that “awareness” in Natorp necessarily means social awareness. Consequently, a relation between it and socially cooperative labor is established. When labor is considered in its later stage and is grasped at a more profound level, it is seen in its dialectical character as a basic human activity rooted in intelligent volition. With his notion of “latent harmony” Natorp differs from Hegel in his dialectical theory and (unlike Hegel) was unable to conceive of the active meaning of contradiction. Natorp's special characteristic may be considered to lie in his concept of “the religion of labor” and of “leisure.”