中米の経済統合と輸出競争力

抄録

Central American economic integration has been reinforced since the ratification of the New Economic Integration Treaty in 1993. The New Treaty focuses upon the liberalization of regional tariff, trade barriers and setting of lower common external tariff under the scheme of so called Open Regionalism. During the period under consideration, 1994-2002, Central America has experienced much higher export growth of 81%, compared with that of world average of 47%. This study reveals whether this increase is caused by increasing competitiveness due to economic integration. We conduct the Constant-Market-Share analysis and show that the Central American countries except Guatemala have increased their competitiveness of intraregional exports. However their competitiveness has decreased in NAFTA and EU except Costa Rican case which is mainly due to Intel.