暴動と政治変動

―インド・ビハール州の事例―

抄録

  This article explains the fundamental change of the Indian party system at state level (Bihar) by new approach, focusing on the process of the caste/religious riots.
  In India, the “Competitive multi-party system” has emerged after the collapse of the “one-party dominant system” by the Congress party since 1989. In this new system, no party can hold dominant position in central parliament and every party competes for votes as equal participant. Throughout this process of political change, the caste and religious identities had become critical political issues, and simultaneously the caste/religious riots happened repeatedly.
  Why did this political change happen? In analyzing the detailed process of political change, the impact of violence, that is, the government's response to the caste/religious riots can be an essential explanatory variable. Previous studies of political change have treated the riots as exceptional cases or as the explained variables. On the other hand, Riots study in India concentrates on explaining the cause of the riots. My approach can make contribution not only to the study of the political change, but also to the study of the riots in India.