［特集］ 政治における暴力
民族浄化（ethnic cleansing）について
―ボスニア内戦を念頭に―
2009 年 60 巻 2 号 p. 2_31-2_49
詳細
2009 年 60 巻 2 号 p. 2_31-2_49
Ethnic Cleansing (EC) became a widely used expression during the Civil War in Bosnia in 1992-1995. But EC has a long history, and we can find examples of EC wherever violent conflicts happen on a large scale.
We may have various kinds of images regarding EC. For example, when we received information about EC in the case of Rwanda, we may have imagined a situation where “soldiers” carried out various atrocities, and ordinary people fanatically killed others. In the case of the Holocaust carried out by the Nazis, we may have quite a different image, for example that EC was dispassionately carried out under the direction of political or military leaders.
Why do we have such diverse images of EC? Firstly, EC is typically carried out by three different kinds of participants: (i)ethnonationalistic politicians, senior civil officials and military officers; (ii)individuals with lower status in the military, police, and paramilitary forces; (iii)ordinary people. Secondly, participants take part in EC for their own motive(s). Lastly, collective mentality has an influence upon the acts of participants.
