［特集］ ジェンダーと政治過程
ドイツにおける女性議員のクォータ制
―ドイツ社会民主党の事例を中心に―
2010 年 61 巻 2 号 p. 2_48-2_67
詳細
2010 年 61 巻 2 号 p. 2_48-2_67
In the Federal Republic of Germany, voluntary party quota regulations for women (Frauenquote) were adopted in the 1980s and 1990s first by the Green Party, followed later by other political parties. This article focuses on the case of the SPD and investigates why and how the SPD introduced the party quota.
Changes in German society, the second wave of feminism and the new social movements led the SPD to start preparations to adopt Frauenquote. From the middle of the 1980s, the SPD was drafting a new party platform focusing on gender equality and developing campaign strategies targeting women's votes.
The Working Community of Social Democratic Women (ASF) was a central driving force in developing this policy, supported by the party leaders (Brandt and Vogel). Confronted by the strong opposition at local level, the SPD eventually succeeded in adopting the Frauenquote (40% of the party list) in a party statute in 1988.
Today, these quota requirements are not achieved completely, particularly for lower level elections and for the percentage of female constituency candidates. Despite these problems, Frauenquote has led to better representation of women in German politics.
