フランスの政治過程への女性参画

―男女同数制導入の成果と限界―

抄録

  Notorious for the underrepresentation of women in politics, France passed a gender parity law in 2000 that required all parties to assure the equal access of men and women to electoral mandates and positions. However, this legislation produced unimpressive results in the elections that followed. Although ten years have passed since its enforcement, women are still poorly represented in French politics. Thus, the aim of this paper is to clarify the barriers that have kept women out of French political life, through the examination of the limitations of the gender parity system.
  The analysis of elections over the past 10 years reveals that the implementation of this law has varied across elections and parties. France has a variety of electoral systems depending on the election in question, and as a consequence, parity is applied in a range of different ways. It can be also observed that some parties are more likely than others to implement the parity law. Even the large mainstream parties both on the Left and on the Right have preferred to pay fines rather than nominate equal numbers of male and female candidates. Those riddles posed by gender parity system in France indicate that there is still work to be done if France is to achieve a parity democracy.