郷土の範囲に関する地理教育的考察

抄録

The Japanese word “Kyodo” means one's home area or one's home province. Present day, the term of “Kyodo” is not used and the term of “local area” is used in geographical teaching and social studies education in the primary and secondary school in Japan. But the “Kyodo” had been used before 1968. The authors would like to using the term of “Kyodo”.
In this paper they discuss on the spatial extent of Kyodo area which is one of the main themes about the Kyodo study in school.
There are following three ideas on the spatial extent of Kyodo area.
(1) Observable field
(2) Sphere of living
(3) Administrative district (Prefecture, city, town and village).
Makiguchi (1912, 1916) has supported the idea of “observable field”, and he recognized the far distant observable field as the Kyodo area too. From the same view, Kikuchi (1960) has described that discussing the spatial extent of Kyodo area was not meaning.
Uchida (1933) and Tanaka (1954) have supported the idea of “sphere of living” which is the residents' daily living area. As the sphere of living is spread beyond on the administrative districts such as the city, town and so on, Uchida and Tanaka have not supported the idea of “administrative district”. Though the sphere of living is the most popular idea present day, the authors support the idea of “administrative district” (prefecture, city and so on).
The authors consider not only cognitive contents but also children's attitudes to thier Kyodo in the school teaching. Thinking from this view, the “administrative district” is very important. Therefore we support this idea. And we have proved this idea by interview method resarch to 308 residents in Oota city, Gunma prefecture and Ashikaga city, Tochigi prefecture which are located close to the prefectures' boundary at 1994-1996.
Lastly we want to revive the term of “Kyodo”.