ドイモイ期メコンデルタの農地規模別農家構成の変動

Can Tho省，Long An省を対象とした事例分析

抄録

In Vietnam, a liberalization policy called Doi Moi has been applied to the agricultural domain since 1988. According to the 1994 agricultural census (the only such census conducted in Vietnam to date), medium-sized farmers (1-3 ha of land) comprised 32.5% of the total number of farmers, indicating their high distribution rate. The point of argument at hand is how the farmers' composition according to the land scale has changed in the Mekong Delta under Doi Moi. Existing statistical data are un-illuminating on our topic; therefore, we selected the field survey as an effective research method. This paper thus proposes a case study. We collected data on about 1100 households through a survey in Can Tho and Long An provinces. In order to analyze the collected data, we adopted the methodology of agricultural structure analysis used in Japan during the post-WWII period.
The conclusions of this paper based on observations in the relevant sites can be summarized as follows: First, the number of medium-sizedfarmers and the total land area attributed to this class have increased even under the Doi Moi policy. Second, we have observed a tendency toward polarization among farmers, leading to an increasing number of landless people. Third, the medium-sized farmers have realized high productivity in paddy cropping superior to that of the other classes, and have successfully introduced diversified farming. Fourth, a strong foundation of the high productivity and successful diversified farming of medium-sized farmers can be found in the positive activities of organizations like the Vietnam Fatherland Front. Fifth, the large-sized farmers have been faced with the problem of the low profitability of paddy cropping due to the dispersion of their paddy fields. Sixth, in the suburbs, while the small-sized paddy cropping farmers have survived despite low profitability, the profitability of the large-sized farmers has suffered more than in the purely rural areas.