This article aims to reveal the structure of agricultural policy of Japan and discuss the role of rural surveys as themes of policy studies, adopting “Development Process of Japan’s Agriculture” written by Seiichi Tobata to modern rice policy. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is “Innovator on Institution, Organization and Mobilization”, and the there has become increasing the room provided policy ideas by outside subjects. However, the basic structure of rice policy has not changed yet and still stipulated by the logic of the production adjustment policy from 1960s. The future missions of agricultural economics （especially rural surveys） are to gather onsite ideas for promoting policy changes, and to summarize business statistics dispersed in fields for making them valuable.
